Diagnostic Endoscopy

Diagnostic endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to view the inside of a patient's body using a flexible tube with a camera and light attached to it, called an endoscope. The procedure is commonly used to diagnose and evaluate various conditions, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and other internal organs.

Types of Diagnostic Endoscopy

• Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): Used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). It helps diagnose issues like acid reflux, ulcers, and tumors.
• Colonoscopy: Involves the examination of the colon and rectum. It's often used for colon cancer screening and to investigate symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and changes in bowel habits.
• Bronchoscopy: Used to inspect the airways and lungs. It can diagnose lung diseases, infections, and tumors.
• Cystoscopy: Involves examining the bladder and urethra. It's used to diagnose urinary tract issues such as bladder cancer or infections.
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to obtain images and information about the digestive tract and surrounding tissues and organs, such as the pancreas and liver.
• Capsule Endoscopy: A patient swallows a small, pill-sized camera that takes pictures of the digestive tract, particularly the small intestine, which is difficult to reach with conventional endoscopy.

Preparation and Procedure

• Fasting: Patients are usually required to fast for several hours before the procedure to ensure the stomach and intestines are empty.
• Sedation: Most endoscopies involve sedation to help the patient relax and reduce discomfort. The level of sedation varies depending on the procedure.
• Procedure Time: The procedure typically lasts 20-60 minutes, depending on the type of endoscopy.
• Recovery: Patients are monitored for a short period after the procedure to ensure there are no immediate complications. Most can go home the same day.

Risks and Complications

While generally safe, endoscopy can have risks, including bleeding, infection, or perforation of the organ being examined. These risks are relatively rare, especially when performed by an experienced professional.